Radiation- and Photo-Induced Oxidation Pathways of Methionine in Model Peptide Backbone under Anoxic Conditions

Within the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cellular metabolisms, hydroxyl radicals (HO^•) play an important role, being the most aggressive towards biomolecules. The reactions of HO^• with methionine residues (Met) in peptides and proteins have been intensively studied, but some fundamental aspects remain unsolved. In the present study we examined the biomimetic model made of Ac-Met-OMe, as the simplest model peptide backbone, and of HO^• generated by ionizing radiation in aqueous solutions under anoxic conditions. We performed the identification and quantification of transient species by pulse radiolysis and of final products by LC-MS and high-resolution MS/MS after γ-radiolysis. By parallel photochemical experiments, using 3-carboxybenzophenone (CB) triplet with the model peptide, we compared the outcomes in terms of short-lived intermediates and stable product identification. The result is a detailed mechanistic scheme of Met oxidation by HO^•, and by CB triplets allowed for assigning transient species to the pathways of products formation.     

AAOA-MBR工艺在工程中的应用分析

通过对AAOA-MBR工艺在实际工程中的应用,分析该工艺处理城市污水的节能减排效能。实践表明AAOA-MBR工艺具有很强的抗冲击负荷能力,在进水质水量大幅度波动、且碳源匮乏的情况下,仍能取得良好的处理效果。实际工程运行四年来,厂区出水各项指标均稳定优于城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)中的一级A标准,其中COD、BOD₅、SS、NH₃^-N去除率分别达到可分别达到90.14%、98.25%、95.58%和98.2%;通过对运行期间污水处理量与耗电量相关关系进行回归分析可知,当处理水量达到设计规模时,其吨水耗电量预测为0.31kWh/m³。同时,基于对污水处理系统的沿程水质检测,优化进水水量分配和内循环回流比并进行产水泵联动改造,可进一步提高系统节能减排效果。     

The thermodynamic characteristics of a Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler

A Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler (SPC), comprised of a Stirling cryocooler as the first stage and a pulse tube cryocooler as the second stage, features the ability of shifting cooling capacity between stages by adjusting the movement of the displacer in the first stage. Such an ability allows an SPC to accommodate itself to time-varying heat loads at different temperatures, which makes it a competitive candidate in space applications. However, due to the gas coupling, there exists a significant mutual effect between stages which endows an SPC with special thermodynamic characteristics and has a significant effect on the SPC’s capability of shifting cooling capacity between stages. With the phasor analysis and the thermodynamic analysis, this paper establishes an idealized model of an SPC. The model is then used to study the effect of the second stage on the first stage and reveal the condition that an SPC is able to shift cooling capacity between stages. Also, the model is compared with a Sage numerical model and the two models are consistent on the overall trend. Though it is unable to reflect reality precisely, the idealized model can interpret the mechanism and highlight some of the essential nature of an SPC, which will eventually benefit the appropriate design of an SPC.     

基于数值微分核脉冲信号数字处理方法

核反应堆核测量系统测量探测器输出的核脉冲信号，该信号后沿拖尾很长，在计数率较高时容易产生信号堆积和基线漂移等问题，导致源区计数率测量上限仅能达到105 Hz左右。文中基于数值微分方法，采用数字处理技术，在时域上分析了核脉冲信号经过前置放大、信号成形、低通滤波和脉冲甄别后的输出，并利用探测器实测信号进行了仿真。仿真结果表明，基于数值微分的数字处理方法可以实现相邻0.4 μs脉冲信号的识别和测量，将源区测量计数率上限提升到2×106 Hz以上。      

多层介质膜脉宽压缩光栅清洗方法研究

采用SPM (Sulfuric-Peroxide Mixtures, 98wt%H₂SO₄+30wt%H₂O₂)+兆声(方法1)和氧等离子体+HPM (Hydrochloric/Peroxide Mixture, 37wt%HCl+30wt%H₂O₂+DIH₂O)+兆声(方法2)两种清洗方法对多层介质膜脉宽压缩光栅进行清洗, 并对清洗前后样品的表面元素含量、衍射效率、表面粗糙度、表面温升以及激光损伤阈值等参数进行测量以评估两种清洗方法清洗效果。在入射角70°, 脉宽12 ns, s偏振, 波长1064 nm的激光辐照下, 经过清洗方法1清洗后的光栅样品单脉冲激光损伤阈值为7.55 J/cm ², 而方法2清洗后的样品损伤阈值为5.32 J/cm ²。另外, 虽然经过方法2清洗后样品表面杂质含量更低, 但是在衍射效率、表面粗糙度和表面温升都劣于经方法1清洗后的样品, 进一步分析发现方法2中氧等离子体清洗过程引入的Fe元素影响了其样品损伤性能和温升性能。因此, SPM清洗方法可以作为多层介质膜脉宽压缩光栅提升抗激光损伤性能的优化清洗方案。     

Microstructure,tribological behavior and magnetic properties of Fe−Ni−TiO2 composite coatings synthesized via pulse frequency variation

The Fe−Ni−TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited by pulse frequency variation. The results showed that the nanocomposite with a very dense coating surface and a nanocrystalline structure was produced at higher frequencies. By increasing the pulse frequency from 10 to 500 Hz, the iron and TiO₂ nanoparticles contentswere increased in expense of nickel content. XRD patterns showed that by increasing the frequency to 500 Hz, an enhancement ofBCC phase was observed and the grain size of deposits was reduced to 35 nm. The microhardness and the surface roughness were increased to 647 HV and 125 nm at 500 Hz due to the grain size reduction and higher incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles into the Fe−Ni matrix (5.13 wt.%). Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate values were decreased by increasing the pulse frequency;while the saturation magnetization and coercivity values of the composite deposits were increased.     

Design of tailored biodegradable implants: The effect of voltage on electrodeposited calcium phosphate coatings on pure magnesium

Magnesium, as a biodegradable metal, offers great potential for use as a temporary implant material, which dissolves in the course of bone tissue healing. It can sufficiently support the bone and promote the bone healing process. However, the corrosion resistance of magnesium implants must be enhanced before its application in clinical practice. A promising approach of enhancing the corrosion resistance is deposition of bioactive coating, which can reduce the corrosion rate of the implants and promote bone healing. Therefore, a well-designed substrate-coating system allowing a good control of the degradation behavior is highly desirable for tailored implants for specific groups of patients with particular needs. In this contribution, the influence of coating formation conditions on the characteristics of potentiostatically electrodeposited CaP coatings on magnesium substrate was evaluated. Results showed that potential variation led to formation of coatings with the same chemical composition, but very different morphologies. Parameters that mostly influence the coating performance, such as the thickness, uniformity, deposits size, and orientation, varied from produced coating to coating. These characteristics of CaP coatings on magnesium were controlled by coating formation potential, and it was demonstrated that the electrodeposition could be a promising coating technique for production of tailored magnesium-CaP implants.